
One summer afternoon, Grace Hopper bent over a giant computer. Its copper panels gleamed, and its bulbs blinked. Grace had a question: why had the machine stopped?
Grace Hopper Found a Tiny Bug in a Giant MachineGrace Hopper helped make computers easier to command, and her clear ideas brought machines closer to human language.
1. One summer afternoon, Grace Hopper bent over a giant computer. Its copper panels gleamed, and its bulbs blinked. Grace had a question: why had the machine stopped?
2. She checked the instructions. She checked the switches. She checked them once more. The computer still gave no answer.
3. Then Grace noticed something small. A moth was tucked between two relay contacts. It had found a warm place to rest, but the machine could not work around it.
4. Grace lifted the moth out with care. She placed it in a little jar. Then she taped the tiny discovery into her notebook.
5. The contacts met again. The bulbs blinked in order. The giant machine began to work.
6. The moth was gone, but Grace kept asking questions. Why should people command a computer with long strings of symbols? People used words. Could a computer learn to follow them?
7. Grace designed a new kind of translator. People could write instructions in words, and the translator could turn those words into the computer's careful code.
8. At first, some people shook their heads. Computers, they said, understood only their own strange language. Grace kept testing, fixing, and explaining.
9. At last, a clear instruction worked. The computer followed the words and produced the answer. Grace's idea had opened a friendlier door.
10. Grace Hopper found a tiny bug in a giant machine. Then she helped make computers easier to command. Her clear ideas brought machines closer to human language.
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