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Why Do Planes Leave White Trails That Sometimes Vanish Quickly? · page 1 of 8
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At sunrise, Mina stood on the grassy hill and watched a passenger jet draw a white line across the sky. She opened her notebook and wrote one question: Why did the line stay?

Why Do Planes Leave White Trails That Sometimes Vanish Quickly?
why questions · Ages 9-12

Why Do Planes Leave White Trails That Sometimes Vanish Quickly?

Jet exhaust can freeze into ice crystals high in cold air, and the trails last longer when the surrounding air is moist.

The whole story

1. At sunrise, Mina stood on the grassy hill and watched a passenger jet draw a white line across the sky. She opened her notebook and wrote one question: Why did the line stay?

2. A few minutes later, another jet passed. Its trail appeared bright and thick, then thinned until the blue sky swallowed it. Mina drew a careful circle around her question.

3. Mina took the question to Grandpa Ilyas, who kept the weather station on the hill. He studied the sky, then the little instruments on his table. “The answer is hiding in the air,” he said.

4. Grandpa Ilyas held up a cold glass jar. Water that had been invisible in the air now showed itself as a pale mist, and the chill had left tiny crystals on the glass.

5. “A jet engine burns fuel and sends hot exhaust into the sky,” Grandpa said. “That exhaust contains water vapor. Far above us, where the air is bitterly cold, the vapor can freeze into ice crystals.”

6. Mina looked from the frost to the dry breeze slipping through the open window. “So the crystals can disappear when the air around them is dry?” she asked. Grandpa nodded. In dry air, they change back into invisible water vapor.

7. Then Mina noticed the trail was not vanishing at random. It held together where a thin veil of moist air waited high above the hill, but it faded where the air was drier. The sky had different kinds of air stacked inside it.

8. Mina watched the white line hold its shape across the glowing sky. Jet exhaust can freeze into ice crystals high in cold air, and the trails last longer when the surrounding air is moist.

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